In this work, a drawing processed was simulated to calculate forces and the resulting residual stresses in the material. The calculated residual stresses were compared with experimentally measured residual stresses by the Neutron Diffraction Method. The modeled process was the Wire Drawing. The necessary parameters to model the process were taken from an industrial currently used process. Rods of an AISI 1045 steel with nominal diameters of 21.46 mm were reduced to 20.25 mm by drawing with an drawing angle of 15°. Compression tests were used to determinate flow curves of the real material an used in the simulation models. The possibility to estimate drawing forces by numerical simulation was evaluated by comparing simulated results with values from empirical equations given by the literature. The results have shown a sufficient accuracy for the calculation of forces, but the comparison of residual stresses has shown differences to the experimentally determined ones that can be minimized by the consideration of high strain rates in the compression tests, anisotropy of the material and kinematic hardening.

Nesse trabalho foi simulada a etapa de trefilação na produção de barras redondas do aço AISI 1045 através do processo de trefilação combinada. Foram determinados diversos parâmetros para a simulação com base em processos industriais de trefilação combinada. Foi realizado o teste do anel, e sua simulação, a fim de obter-se o valor de atrito para utilização na simulação numérica e cálculos analíticos. Dos resultados da simulação numérica, através da comparação desta com equações empíricas e analíticas, foi avaliada a capacidade da simulação de prever a força de trefilação. Além disso, foi realizado um esforço no sentido de determinar as tensões residuais após a trefilação. Os valores simulados de tensões residuais foram comparados com valores experimentais obtidos através de análise de tensões residuais por difração de Nêutrons realizada em amostras trefiladas da industria. Com base neste trabalho, foi discutida a possibilidade de usar-se a simulação para prever quantitativamente as tensões residuais após o processo de trefilação. As análises poderão ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de futuros melhoramentos no processo de trefilação.

In this work, the wire-drawing production step for the production of AISI 1045 steel bars was numerically simulated. Different parameters necessary for the simulation were estimated based on current combined industrial drawing processes. Ring compression tests were carried out and simulated aiming at the determination of the friction value to be used in the simulation. From the numerical simulation results, the capacity of the simulation for estimating the drawing forces by comparison with analytical and empirical equations was evaluated. Besides this, an effort was made to simulate the residual stresses after drawing. The simulated residual stress profiles were then compared to experimental residual stresses profiles, which were obtained in a Neutron Diffraction experimental analysis carried out on industrial samples. Based on this work, the possibility of using simulation to quantitatively calculate residual stresses after the cold drawing was discussed. The carried out analysis will be used to implement improvements in the drawing process.